Salazar Ibargüen, HumbertoPedraza Morales, María IsabelLeal Reyes, Nadia Mariana2025-04-032025-04-032024-12https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12371/27253"The Standard Model of particle physics is a well­established theoretical framework that describes the fundamental particles and forces that constitute the universe, excluding gravity. It classifies all known subatomic particles into two categories: fermions, which make up matter, and bosons, which mediate forces. The fermions include quarks and leptons, while the bosons include the photon, W and Z bosons, gluons, and the Higgs boson. Higgs boson is the only particle in the SM that has a spin of 0. Both leptons and quarks can be grouped into three generations, where the particles of each generation are heavier copies of the particles from the preceding generation. However, all visible matter that surrounds us contains almost exclusively first­generation fermions. The Standard Model successfully unifies the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear forces under a common theoretical structure, explaining how particles interact via these forces. However, gravity, dark matter, and dark energy still need to be included, leaving some questions in particle physics unanswered. Despite these limitations, the Standard Model has been remarkably successful in predicting experimental results, and it remains a cornerstone of our understanding of the quantum world".pdfengCIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRAFísica--Física nuclear y de partículas--Física de partículas elementalesFísica--Física nuclear y de partículas--Interacciones nucleares--Temas especiales--ColisionesBosones de Higgs--InvestigaciónInteracciones protón-protón--InvestigaciónCromodinámica cuánticaTesis de maestríaopenAccess