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Artículo El quehacer de la ecología como disciplina científica(2016-05) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"La ecología es la ciencia encargada del estudio de las interacciones entre los organismos y su medio ambiente. En este sentido, los ecólogos se dedican a estudiar cómo los organismos (bacterias, algas, hongos, plantas, animales) interactúan y responden al medio físico y biótico que los rodea. Aquí se debe enfatizar en que el objeto de estudio de la ecología no es el humano. Si bien el ecólogo puede llevar a cabo estudios en los que se analicen las interacciones del humano con su entorno, ése no es su objeto central de estudio. Entonces, resulta evidente que la idea de ecología que comúnmente se usa no corresponde con el quehacer y los alcances reales de esta ciencia. En este sentido, hay que aclarar que ecología no es sinónimo de medio ambiente ni de ecologismo; no tiene por objeto de estudio los problemas ambientales ni su único objeto de estudio es el humano; tampoco es un movimiento político-social. La ecología es una disciplina científica, que tiene por objeto de estudio a cualquier ser vivo y permite conocer el funcionamiento de nuestro entorno, y entender cómo interactúan los seres vivos entre sí y con su medio físico".Artículo Floral visitor guilds of five allochronic flowering Asteraceous species in a xeric community in Central Mexico(2004-04-01) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Cano Santana, Zenón; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X; Cano Santana, Zenón; 0000-0003-4860-6696"In this research,we determined the insect guilds visiting the ßower heads of Þve Asteraceae species (Eupatorium petiolare Mocin˜ o ex De Candolle, Senecio praecox De Candolle, Dahlia coccinea Cavanilles, Tagetes lunulata Ortega,and Verbesina virgata); the role of ßoral phenology and morphology on species composition and frequency of visits of different insect order; and the diurnal schedules of anthophilous visitors and their relationship to temperature and relative humidity. Collections and observations of ßoral visitors for each species were made over 24 h per day. The Þve Asteraceae were visited by 137 Diptera,Hymenoptera, Coleoptera,and Lepidoptera species. Tagetes lunulata had the highest species richness of ßoral visitors, while V. virgata had the lowest . Apis mellifera L. was the only visitor found visiting all Þve species. Species composition of insect visitors was closely related to plant phenology. Order-level frequency of visits was closely related to ßoral morphology. Two separate principal component analyses based on frequency of visits and ßoral morphology showed similar plant species groupings. Two groups of insects and two ßoral traits, respectively, were the variables determining these groupings. The combination of diurnal activity and guild visitor analyses in this study showed the importance of including both characteristics in pollination studies".Artículo Producción de estructuras reproductivas y fenología reproductiva de cinco especies de compuestas en una comunidad xerófita(1998) Cano Santana, Zenón; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Camacho Castillo, Edgar; Cano Santana, Zenón; 0000-0003-4860-6696; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"Se estudió la producción de estructuras reproductivas y la fenología reproductiva de 5 especies de compuestas de una comunidad xerofita del centro de México: Eupatorium petiolare, Tagetes lunulata, Senecio praecox, Dahlia coccinea y Verbesina virgata. En la tres últimas se estudió también la variación de estos rasgos entre sitos con condiciones lumínicas contrastantes. La producción de estructuras reproductivas fue mayor en el sitio abierto en D. coccinea, en el sombreado en S. praecox y no difirió entre sitios en V. virgata. La fenología reproductiva de V. virgata y D. coccinea fue distinta entre sitios, pero no la de S. praecox. Las especies que florecieron en secas tuvieron un periodo reproductivo más cortos, que las que lo hiecieron en lluvias o a finales de estas; el cual fue ocasionado por la gran duración de los frutos maduros en estas especies".Artículo Importancia de las interacciones en el mantenimiento de la diversidad(2022) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"Las interacciones ecológicas son esenciales para garantizar el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas, ya que gracias a ellas somos beneficiarios de diversos servicios ecosistémicos, como la formación de suelo, el ciclo de nutrientes (servicios de soporte), alimentos, agua (servicios de aprovisionamiento) y servicios de regulación (del clima, de residuos y de enfermedades, así como polinización; European Commission, 2010; Balvanera, 2012; Camacho-Valdez y Ruiz-Luna, 2012)".Artículo Post-pollination mechanisms in Nicotiana longiflora and N. plumbaginifolia: pollen tube growth rate, offspring paternity and hybridization(2009-07-07) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Holtsford, Timothy P.; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"In natural populations where interfertile species coexist, conspecific and heterospecific pollen can be delivered to the stigmas. Post-pollination mechanisms might determine the seed siring success of different pollen donors within species as well as the chances for hybridization between species. Nicotiana longiflora and N. plumbaginifolia occur in sympatry in Northwest Argentina, where they have overlapping flowering seasons and share floral visitors. We explored (1) pollen tube growth rates for outcross versus self pollen in single-donor pollinations; (2) siring success of self versus outcross pollen donors in competitive pollinations, and (3) possibilities for hybridization by performing two- (outcross conspecific vs. heterospecific) and three-pollen donor (self vs. outcross vs. heterospecific) crosses. In N. longiflora, both pollen tube growth rate and siring success favored outcross pollen over self pollen and strong rejection of heterospecific pollen. In N. plumbaginifolia, pollen tube growth rate was similar for self and outcross pollen, self pollen sired similar numbers of offspring than outcross pollen and heterospecific pollen sired roughly the same number of progeny than self pollen. Results suggest that in natural sympatric populations, interspecific crosses would likely lead to unidirectional hybridization with N. plumbaginifolia as the seed parent".Artículo The Family Orchidaceae of Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca. Field Guides from the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois.(2022-02) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Muñoz Hernández, Arelee Estefanía; Campos Villanueva, Álvaro; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"Photos"Divulgación Científica Semana del Urbanista(2018-11-08) Cabrera Becerra, Virginia; Cabrera Becerra, Virginia; 0000-0002-6154-9174"Semana del Urbanista"Artículo Floral traits and mating systems in sister species of Nicotiana: interpopulational variability and sympatry effects(2010) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Holtsford, Timothy P.; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"Mating systems of Angiosperms are important determinants of population genetic structure and evolutionary potential. Nicotiana longiflora and N. plumbaginifolia are self-compatible, sister species, with contrasting floral morphology and can be found in allopatry and sympatry in North Argentina. In two sympatric and 10 nearby allopatric populations we studied their natural interpopulational variability and sympatry effects on corolla length and anther–stigma distance. We also estimated seed set by selfing and via pollinators using pollination treatments. Both corolla length and anther–stigma distance varied significantly among N. longiflora, but not among N. plumbaginifolia populations. We did not detect an effect of sympatry in either species for any of the floral traits studied. Pollination treatments suggest that N. longiflora is mainly an outcrosser, although selfing occurs at some extent. Seed set attributed to pollinators was significantly higher in N. longiflora whereas most seeds in N. plumbaginifolia were sired through self-pollination. In N. plumbaginifolia, selfing seems to assure reproduction in sympatric populations, where floral visitors have a strong preference for N. longiflora. Corolla length was significantly negatively correlated with an increase in the percentage of self-seeds estimated by pollination treatments. Within N. longiflora, anther–stigma distance showed a positive correlation with selfing".Artículo Effectiveness of vectors of pollen and longevity of capitula for four species of Asteraceae in Central Mexico(2011) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Cano Santana, Zenón; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X; Cano Santana, Zenón; 0000-0003-4860-6696"We determined that Eupatorium petiolare was either wind pollinated or self-fertilized, that Tagetes lunulata and Verbesina virgata showed autonomous self-fertilization, that Dahlia coccinea seems to be self-incompatible and pollinated by diurnal insects, and that, although overall longevity of capitula of V. virgata was greater in shaded sites, production of fruit per capitulum was greater in sunny sites. Overall longevity of capitula and longevity of capitula in the mature-flower stage showed great variability among species; overall longevity of capitula was longer for those species flowering during the rainy season and longevity of the mature-flower phenophase was shorter for D. coccinea (the only species dependent upon vectors for its pollination). High density of flowers, few barriers to dispersal of pollen (low arboreal coverage), and increased photosynthetic radiation typical of sunny sites seem to favor transfer of pollen, resulting in higher pollination and fruiting success than that experienced by plants in shaded sites".Artículo Pollen morphology of Pachycereus weberi (Cactaceae): an evaluation of variation in pollen size(2012) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Aguilar García, Sandra Aracely; Castañeda Posadas, Carlos; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X; Aguilar García, Sandra Aracely; 0000-0002-7829-5676"Pollen morphology within a single plant species has been regarded as a relatively constant trait; it has, thus, been used as a taxonomic character. Numerous palynological studies have described the morphology of pollen from Cactaceae and from other families of plants. There have, however, been few studies of the variation of pollen traits, especially variation of pollen size. Here, we describe the morphology of pollen grains from Pachycereus weberi, paying particular attention to variation of the diameter of the grains. We found that pollen grains from P. weberi are spheroidal, isopolar, and tricolpate, with microperforate and spinulate tectum and visible perine. Pollen diameter is highly variable. Our results show that pollen size must be used carefully as a taxonomic character. Further, we discuss the importance of sample size in descriptive studies of pollen and diverse meiotic abnormalities that may be implied by the high variation of pollen grain size for P. weberi".Artículo Spatial variation in the community of insects associated with the flowers of Pachycereus weberi (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)(2014-08) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Valverde, Pedro Luis; Vite, Fernando; Carrillo Ruiz, Hortensia; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X; Valverde, Pedro Luis; 0000-0003-0258-4890; Vite, Fernando; 0000-0002-4600-079X; Carrillo Ruiz, Hortensia; 0000-0003-4247-6114"The positive relationship between productivity and species diversity is well-known. Insect communities associated with the flowers of Cactaceae species represent an interesting system to explore the productivity-diversity relationship because branches facing the equator receive more photosynthetically active radiation and have higher productivity. Thus, flowers with contrasting orientations within an individual, and even within a single branch, might differ in productivity. Therefore, higher abundance, species richness, and diversity are expected for the insect communities associated with south-facing flowers. Insects within flowers with contrasting orientations were collected and its abundance, richness, and diversity were estimated. We also asked if insects prefer big flowers. Thus, flower volume was estimated and regression analyses were conducted to test if there is a positive relationship between flower size and insect abundance. However, species abundance and diversity were different in flowers with contrasting orientations. In general, species abundance was higher in flowers facing southwards than in north-facing flowers. On the contrary, species diversity was higher in north-facing flowers. Abundance of Coleoptera was explained by flower volume in south-facing flowers. Our study provides evidence for the effects of productivity on the structure of insect communities at a very small-scale".Artículo Floral visitors of three asteraceae species in a Xeric Environment in Central Mexico(2016-09-30) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; González Tochihuitl, Guadalupe; Rivas Arancibia, Sombra Patricia; Castaño Meneses, Gabriela; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X; Rivas Arancibia, Sombra Patricia; 0000-0002-5205-5973; Castaño Meneses, Gabriela; 0000-0002-5405-5221"We describe the spatial variation in the structure and composition of the communities of insects visiting the inflorescences of Flaveria ramosissima Klatt, Florestina pedata (Cav.) Cass., and Parthenium bipinnatifidum (Ort.) Rollins (Asteraceae) in a xeric environment in Central Mexico. Inflorescences of the three Asteraceae were visited by a total of 96 species of Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. Total species richness of floral visitors to the three Asteraceae and total abundance of insects of Fl. pedata and P. bipinnatifidum did not differ between low and high vegetation cover sites. Total abundance of insects visiting the inflorescences of F. ramosissima and abundance of Hymenoptera in all three Asteraceae were higher at the low vegetation coverage (LVC) site than at the high vegetation coverage (HVC) one. Diversity of insects of Fl. pedata and P. bipinnatifidum was higher at the HVC site. However, in F. ramosissima diversity was higher at the LVC site".Divulgación Científica Dra. Palestina Guevara Fiore - Parasite cost reduces sperm quality but not quantity in guppies(2022-08-15) Guevara Fiore, Palestina; Guevara Fiore, Palestina; 0000-0003-2222-3777"Parasite cost reduces sperm quality but not quantity in guppies".Divulgación Científica Elaboración de mural para el Jardín para colibríes Xanat Chu Jun(2022-09-01) Guevara Fiore, Palestina; Guevara Fiore, Palestina; 0000-0003-2222-3777"Proceso de la elaboración de mural para el Jardín para colibríes Xanat Chu Jun, significado y presentación de la autora del mural"Divulgación Científica Sembrando el Jardín para colibríes Xanat Chu Jun(2022-09-01) Guevara Fiore, Palestina; Guevara Fiore, Palestina; 0000-0003-2222-3777"Proceso de siembra del Jardín para colibríes Xanat Chu Jun".Divulgación Científica Inauguración del Jardín para colibríes Xanat Chu Jun(2022-09-01) Guevara Fiore, Palestina; Guevara Fiore, Palestina; 0000-0003-2222-3777"Inauguración del Jardín para colibríes Xanat Chu Jun en CU, surgimiento de la idea y como es el funcionamiento".Divulgación Científica ASCTI 2015.- “Darwin y la teoría de la evolución”(2016-03-10) Guevara Fiore, Palestina; Guevara Fiore, Palestina; 0000-0003-2222-3777"Palestina Guevara Fiore nos habla sobre Darwin y la teoría de la evolución".Artículo Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in central Mexico(2017) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Rivas Arancibia, Sombra Patricia; Castaño Meneses, Gabriela; González Tochihuitl, Guadalupe; Ramírez Morales, María del Carmen; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X; Rivas Arancibia, Sombra Patricia; 0000-0002-5205-5973; Castaño Meneses, Gabriela; 0000-0002-5405-5221"The interactions between the plant community and their floral visitors might vary through space, causing changes in the structure and composition of the communities of floral visitors. Although numerous studies have addressed the variation in the communities of floral visitors through space, none of them have analyzed how the structure of the community of floral visitors for all the co-flowering annual plant species changes between sites. We describe how the community of floral visitors to annual plants varies through space in a xeric community in central Mexico. We collected all the insects visiting the flowers of the annual plants growing in 2 sites with contrasting plant density (low vs. high). We determined species richness, abundance, and diversity for the insect communities in each site. We established the similarity in the composition of the insect communities and the importance of environmental variables on the dynamics of the communities of floral visitors. Abundance and diversity of floral visitors were significantly higher in the low plant density site. The composition of the insect communities differed between sites (similarity = 32%). Changes in abundance of a few groups of insects seem to be related to environmental factors such as disturbance, humidity and temperature".Divulgación Científica ¿Cómo evolucionan los seres vivos?(2022-03-29) Guevara Fiore, Palestina; Guevara Fiore, Palestina; 0000-0003-2222-3777"Palestina Guevara Fiore habla sobre la evolución de los seres vivos tomando en cuenta la reproducción y teorías conocidas".Artículo Intra-inflorescence variation in reproductive traits of Conopholis alpina (Orobanchaceae): effect of flower maturation pattern and resource competition(2019-06-14) Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; Castillo Sánchez, Itzel L.; Figueroa Castro, Dulce María; 0000-0003-3611-191X"The ecological and evolutionary implications of intra-individual variation in plant traits have been acknowledged. Several studies have described the existence of intra-inflorescence variation in reproductive traits. Moreover, some of those studies have attempted to provide a plausible explanation to the gradient of intra-inflorescence variation observed. However, most of them fail to separate the effects of inflorescence architecture from those of resource allocation. The goal of this study was to determine the existence of intra-inflorescence variation in reproductive traits (attractive, reproductive organs, and reproductive success) of Conopholis alpina (Orobanchaceae), a holoparasite plant common in oak forests. Corolla length, number, viability, and diameter of pollen grains per flower, number of ovules per flower, pollen:ovule ratio, fruit size (length, width, and area), number of seeds per fruit, and seed set were measured in reproductive structures produced in three different regions within the inflorescence. We found a significant effect of the region in which reproductive structures were produced on all traits, except pollen:ovule ratio. In all those traits in which significant differences among regions were found, reproductive traits had the highest values in the middle region of the inflorescence, which is also the first to reach maturity".